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Reinforcement Learning for Game-Theoretic Resource Allocation on Graphs

2025-05-08 · Zijian An, Lifeng Zhou

Game-theoretic resource allocation on graphs (GRAG) involves two players competing over multiple steps to control nodes of interest on a graph, a problem modeled as a multi-step Colonel Blotto Game (MCBG). Finding optimal strategies is challenging due to the dynamic action space and structural constraints imposed by the graph. To address this, we formulate the MCBG as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and apply Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, specifically Deep Q-Network (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). To enforce graph constraints, we introduce an action-displacement adjacency matrix that dynamically generates valid action sets at each step. We evaluate RL performance across a variety of graph structures and initial resource distributions, comparing against random, greedy, and learned RL policies. Experimental results show that both DQN and PPO consistently outperform baseline strategies and converge to a balanced $50\%$ win rate when competing against the learned RL policy. Particularly, on asymmetric graphs, RL agents successfully exploit structural advantages and adapt their allocation strategies, even under disadvantageous initial resource distributions.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2505.06319

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reinforcement-learningReinforcement LearningReinforcement Learning (RL)valid

Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론

Convolution A convolution is a type of matrix operation, consisting of a kernel, a small matrix of weights, that slides over input data performing element-wise multiplication with the…
Q-Learning Q-Learning is an off-policy temporal difference control algorithm: $$Q\left(S\_{t}, A\_{t}\right) \leftarrow Q\left(S\_{t}, A\_{t}\right) + \alpha\left[R_{t+1} +…
Dense Connections Dense Connections, or Fully Connected Connections, are a type of layer in a deep neural network that use a linear operation where every input is connected to every output…
DQN A DQN, or Deep Q-Network, approximates a state-value function in a Q-Learning framework with a neural network. In the Atari…
Entropy Regularization 설명 없음
PPO Proximal Policy Optimization, or PPO, is a policy gradient method for reinforcement learning. The motivation was to have an algorithm with the data efficiency and reliable…

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