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Route-VPlat: Survey and Analysis of Routing Protocols for Communication in Multi-hop Vehicular Platooning

Over the years, vehicular communication has become a significant and emerging research area. However, the vehicular platooning concept has gained importance only in the last couple of years or so. Typically, a platoon is a group of vehicles governed by the front vehicle, where all other vehicles follow the instruction of the lead vehicle. The vehicles in a platoon have the flexibility to leave the connected path when their destination has arrived. However, maintaining a continuous communication mechanism is a major challenge that still needs to be solved. In a high-speed dynamic setting of platooning, vehicles need not only to exactly follow the pattern of movement of the lead vehicle but also have seamless communication between the vehicles, even while entering and exiting the platoon. Particularly, multi-hop communication is a critical component for vehicular platooning wherein the lead vehicle could communicate with all vehicles in the platoon. Multi-hop communication increases the coverage range but also increases the overall complexity. Hence it is imperative to investigate and analyze different existing routing protocols, their functionality in multi-hop scenarios, and their feasibility for a multi-hop vehicular platooning environment. This article presents Route-VPlat—a systematic review and analysis of the various routing protocols that can be used for continuous communication in multi-hop vehicular platooning. Importantly, the article analyzes routing protocols from different categories such as Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), Path-Aware GPSR (PA-GPSR), Edge-Aware Epidemic Protocol (EAEP), and clustering-based routing mechanism—Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)—and analyzes their performance for platooning. The OLSR protocol performs better as compared to others in terms of latency, throughput, and delivery ratio metrics. Finally, a brief summary of different open research challenges is provided.

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