paper-with-me

Papers

Safe2Harm: Semantic Isomorphism Attacks for Jailbreaking Large Language Models

2025-12-05 · Fan Yang arxiv

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks, but their security vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers to generate harmful content, causing adverse impacts across various societal domains. Most existing jailbreak methods revolve around Prompt Engineering or adversarial optimization, yet we identify a previously overlooked phenomenon: many harmful scenarios are highly consistent with legitimate ones in terms of underlying principles. Based on this finding, this paper proposes the Safe2Harm Semantic Isomorphism Attack method, which achieves efficient jailbreaking through four stages: first, rewrite the harmful question into a semantically safe question with similar underlying principles; second, extract the thematic mapping relationship between the two; third, let the LLM generate a detailed response targeting the safe question; finally, reversely rewrite the safe response based on the thematic mapping relationship to obtain harmful output. Experiments on 7 mainstream LLMs and three types of benchmark datasets show that Safe2Harm exhibits strong jailbreaking capability, and its overall performance is superior to existing methods. Additionally, we construct a challenging harmful content evaluation dataset containing 358 samples and evaluate the effectiveness of existing harmful detection methods, which can be deployed for LLM input-output filtering to enable defense.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2512.13703

Code (0)

등록된 구현이 없습니다.

Tasks

Prompt Engineering

Similar Papers 제목 키워드 기반

Enhancing Jailbreak Attack Against Large Language Models through Silent Tokens

2024-05-31 · Jiahao Yu, Haozheng Luo, Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu, Wenbo Guo 외

Along with the remarkable successes of Language language models, recent research also started to explore the security threats of LLMs, including jailbreaking attacks. Attackers carefully craft jailbreaking prompts such t…

Safety Alignment

Eraser: Jailbreaking Defense in Large Language Models via Unlearning Harmful Knowledge

2024-04-08 · Weikai Lu, Ziqian Zeng, Jianwei Wang, Zhengdong Lu 외

Jailbreaking attacks can enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to bypass the safeguard and generate harmful content. Existing jailbreaking defense methods have failed to address the fundamental issue that harmful knowledge…

General KnowledgeSafety Alignment

Single-pass Detection of Jailbreaking Input in Large Language Models

2025-02-21 · Leyla Naz Candogan, Yongtao Wu, Elias Abad Rocamora, Grigorios G. Chrysos 외

Defending aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) against jailbreaking attacks is a challenging problem, with existing approaches requiring multiple requests or even queries to auxiliary LLMs, making them computationally he…

Sentence

BitBypass: A New Direction in Jailbreaking Aligned Large Language Models with Bitstream Camouflage

2025-06-03 · Kalyan Nakka, Nitesh Saxena

The inherent risk of generating harmful and unsafe content by Large Language Models (LLMs), has highlighted the need for their safety alignment. Various techniques like supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning from…

Prompt EngineeringRed TeamingSafety Alignment

Scalable Defense against In-the-wild Jailbreaking Attacks with Safety Context Retrieval

2025-05-21 · Taiye Chen, Zeming Wei, Ang Li, Yisen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, wherein adversaries exploit carefully engineered prompts to induce harmful or unethical responses. Such threats have raised critical concer…

RAGRetrievalRetrieval-augmented Generation