paper-with-me

홈 › Papers

Theory of Hallucinations based on Equivariance

2023-12-22 · Hisaichi Shibata

This study aims to acquire knowledge for creating very large language models that are immune to hallucinations. Hallucinations in contemporary large language models are often attributed to a misunderstanding of real-world social relationships. Therefore, I hypothesize that very large language models capable of thoroughly grasping all these relationships will be free from hallucinations. Additionally, I propose that certain types of equivariant language models are adept at learning and understanding these relationships. Building on this, I have developed a specialized cross-entropy error function to create a hallucination scale for language models, which measures their extent of equivariance acquisition. Utilizing this scale, I tested language models for their ability to acquire character-level equivariance. In particular, I introduce and employ a novel technique based on T5 (Text To Text Transfer Transformer) that efficiently understands permuted input texts without the need for explicit dictionaries to convert token IDs (integers) to texts (strings). This T5 model demonstrated a moderate ability to acquire character-level equivariance. Additionally, I discovered scale laws that can aid in developing hallucination-free language models at the character level. This methodology can be extended to assess equivariance acquisition at the word level, paving the way for very large language models that can comprehensively understand relationships and, consequently, avoid hallucinations.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2312.14504

Code (0)

등록된 구현이 없습니다.

Tasks

Hallucination

Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론

Attention 설명 없음
Linear Layer A Linear Layer is a projection $\mathbf{XW + b}$.
Multi-Head Attention 설명 없음
Attention Dropout Attention Dropout is a type of dropout used in attention-based architectures, where elements are randomly dropped out of the…
Dense Connections Dense Connections, or Fully Connected Connections, are a type of layer in a deep neural network that use a linear operation where every input is connected to every output…
Inverse Square Root Schedule Inverse Square Root is a learning rate schedule 1 / $\sqrt{\max\left(n, k\right)}$ where $n$ is the current training iteration and $k$ is the number of warm-up steps. This…
Gated Linear Unit A Gated Linear Unit, or GLU computes: $$ \mathrm{GLU}(a, b) = a \otimes \sigma(b) $$ It is used in natural language processing architectures, for example the Gated CNN,…
Dropout Dropout is a regularization technique for neural networks that drops a unit (along with connections) at training time with a specified probability $p$ (a common value is…

Similar Papers 제목 키워드 기반

A General Theory of Correct, Incorrect, and Extrinsic Equivariance

2023-03-08 · NeurIPS 2023 11

Although equivariant machine learning has proven effective at many tasks, success depends heavily on the assumption that the ground truth function is symmetric over the entire domain matching the symmetry in an equivaria…

Emergent Equivariance in Deep Ensembles

2024-03-05 · Jan E. Gerken, Pan Kessel

We show that deep ensembles become equivariant for all inputs and at all training times by simply using data augmentation. Crucially, equivariance holds off-manifold and for any architecture in the infinite width limit. …

AllData Augmentation

On the Generalization of Equivariance and Convolution in Neural Networks to the Action of Compact Groups

2018-02-11 · ICML 2018 7 · Risi Kondor, Shubhendu Trivedi

Convolutional neural networks have been extremely successful in the image recognition domain because they ensure equivariance to translations. There have been many recent attempts to generalize this framework to other do…

Moment kernels: a simple and scalable approach for equivariance to rotations and reflections in deep convolutional networks

2025-05-27 · Zachary Schlamowitz, Andrew Bennecke, Daniel J. Tward

The principle of translation equivariance (if an input image is translated an output image should be translated by the same amount), led to the development of convolutional neural networks that revolutionized machine vis…

Cell SegmentationImage Registration

On Uncertainty Calibration for Equivariant Functions

2025-10-24 · Edward Berman, Jacob Ginesin, Marco Pacini, Robin Walters arxiv

Data-sparse settings such as robotic manipulation, molecular physics, and galaxy morphology classification are some of the hardest domains for deep learning. For these problems, equivariant networks can help improve mode…