Towards Cost Sensitive Decision Making
Many real-world situations allow for the acquisition of additional relevant information when making decisions with limited or uncertain data. However, traditional RL approaches either require all features to be acquired beforehand (e.g. in a MDP) or regard part of them as missing data that cannot be acquired (e.g. in a POMDP). In this work, we consider RL models that may actively acquire features from the environment to improve the decision quality and certainty, while automatically balancing the cost of feature acquisition process and the reward of task decision process. We propose the Active-Acquisition POMDP and identify two types of the acquisition process for different application domains. In order to assist the agent in the actively-acquired partially-observed environment and alleviate the exploration-exploitation dilemma, we develop a model-based approach, where a deep generative model is utilized to capture the dependencies of the features and impute the unobserved features. The imputations essentially represent the beliefs of the agent. Equipped with the dynamics model, we develop hierarchical RL algorithms to resolve both types of the AA-POMDPs. Empirical results demonstrate that our approach achieves considerably better performance than existing POMDP-RL solutions.
Code (0)
등록된 구현이 없습니다.
Tasks
Decision MakingSimilar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
The foundations of cost-sensitive causal classification
Classification is a well-studied machine learning task which concerns the assignment of instances to a set of outcomes. Classification models support the optimization of managerial decision-making across a variety of ope…
ClassificationDecision MakingGeneral ClassificationTo do or not to do: cost-sensitive causal decision-making
Causal classification models are adopted across a variety of operational business processes to predict the effect of a treatment on a categorical business outcome of interest depending on the process instance characteris…
ClassificationDecision MakingGeneral ClassificationMarketingRisk-Sensitive and Robust Decision-Making: a CVaR Optimization Approach
In this paper we address the problem of decision making within a Markov decision process (MDP) framework where risk and modeling errors are taken into account. Our approach is to minimize a risk-sensitive conditional-val…
Decision MakingIndexing Cost Sensitive Prediction
Predictive models are often used for real-time decision making. However, typical machine learning techniques ignore feature evaluation cost, and focus solely on the accuracy of the machine learning models obtained utiliz…
BIG-bench Machine LearningDecision MakingPredictionLearning Decisions Offline from Censored Observations with ε-insensitive Operational Costs
Many important managerial decisions are made based on censored observations. Making decisions without adequately handling the censoring leads to inferior outcomes. We investigate the data-driven decision-making problem w…
Generalization Bounds