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Unsupervised Paraphrasing with Pretrained Language Models

2020-10-24 · EMNLP 2021 11 · Tong Niu, Semih Yavuz, Yingbo Zhou, Nitish Shirish Keskar, Huan Wang, Caiming Xiong

Paraphrase generation has benefited extensively from recent progress in the designing of training objectives and model architectures. However, previous explorations have largely focused on supervised methods, which require a large amount of labeled data that is costly to collect. To address this drawback, we adopt a transfer learning approach and propose a training pipeline that enables pre-trained language models to generate high-quality paraphrases in an unsupervised setting. Our recipe consists of task-adaptation, self-supervision, and a novel decoding algorithm named Dynamic Blocking (DB). To enforce a surface form dissimilar from the input, whenever the language model emits a token contained in the source sequence, DB prevents the model from outputting the subsequent source token for the next generation step. We show with automatic and human evaluations that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on both the Quora Question Pair (QQP) and the ParaNMT datasets and is robust to domain shift between the two datasets of distinct distributions. We also demonstrate that our model transfers to paraphrasing in other languages without any additional finetuning.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2010.12885

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Tasks

BlockingLanguage ModelingLanguage ModellingParaphrase GenerationQQPTransfer Learning

Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론

Linear Layer A Linear Layer is a projection $\mathbf{XW + b}$.
Cosine Annealing Cosine Annealing is a type of learning rate schedule that has the effect of starting with a large learning rate that is relatively rapidly decreased to a minimum value before…
Gated Linear Unit A Gated Linear Unit, or GLU computes: $$ \mathrm{GLU}(a, b) = a \otimes \sigma(b) $$ It is used in natural language processing architectures, for example the Gated CNN,…
Residual Connection 설명 없음
Inverse Square Root Schedule Inverse Square Root is a learning rate schedule 1 / $\sqrt{\max\left(n, k\right)}$ where $n$ is the current training iteration and $k$ is the number of warm-up steps. This…
Layer Normalization Unlike batch normalization, Layer Normalization directly estimates the normalization statistics from the summed inputs…
BPE Byte Pair Encoding, or BPE, is a subword segmentation algorithm that encodes rare and unknown words as sequences of subword units. The intuition is that various word…
Softmax The Softmax output function transforms a previous layer's output into a vector of probabilities. It is commonly used for multiclass classification. Given an input vector $x$…

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