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WaterFlow: Learning Fast & Robust Watermarks using Stable Diffusion

2025-04-15 · Vinay Shukla, Prachee Sharma, Ryan Rossi, Sungchul Kim, Tong Yu, Aditya Grover

The ability to embed watermarks in images is a fundamental problem of interest for computer vision, and is exacerbated by the rapid rise of generated imagery in recent times. Current state-of-the-art techniques suffer from computational and statistical challenges such as the slow execution speed for practical deployments. In addition, other works trade off fast watermarking speeds but suffer greatly in their robustness or perceptual quality. In this work, we propose WaterFlow (WF), a fast and extremely robust approach for high fidelity visual watermarking based on a learned latent-dependent watermark. Our approach utilizes a pretrained latent diffusion model to encode an arbitrary image into a latent space and produces a learned watermark that is then planted into the Fourier Domain of the latent. The transformation is specified via invertible flow layers that enhance the expressivity of the latent space of the pre-trained model to better preserve image quality while permitting robust and tractable detection. Most notably, WaterFlow demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on general robustness and is the first method capable of effectively defending against difficult combination attacks. We validate our findings on three widely used real and generated datasets: MS-COCO, DiffusionDB, and WikiArt.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2504.12354

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Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론

Latent Diffusion Model Diffusion models applied to latent spaces, which are normally built with (Variational) Autoencoders.
Diffusion Diffusion models generate samples by gradually removing noise from a signal, and their training objective can be expressed as a reweighted variational lower-bound…
SPEED The monocular depth estimation (MDE) is the task of estimating depth from a single frame. This information is an essential knowledge in many computer vision tasks such as scene…

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