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Wind Turbine Maintenance Log Labelling Framework: LLM-Driven Data Correction and Enrichment via Semantic Extraction of Reliability Intelligence

As wind turbine fleets age, data-driven reliability engineering and maintenance optimisation are essential to manage lifecycle expenditure and support asset life extension. Historical maintenance records offer a vital source of field evidence, yet their analytical use is impeded by inconsistent system codes, generic categorical fields, and unstructured technician text. This paper presents a topology-aware large language model (LLM) workflow for reviewing legacy labels, extracting candidate maintenance and failure-mode taxonomies, and assigning structured semantic fields at record level. The workflow processed 16,316 maintenance records from 280 turbines across 32 onshore wind farms, spanning 9.2 years of operational history. It combines system-specific batch synthesis with granular labelling, deterministic exclusions, structured outputs, record-level provenance, and explicit review routes. Of 2,984 records targeted by three system-code tasks, 2,178 proposed labels met the operational acceptance rule of a 'High' self-reported confidence tier and no human-review flag. Accepted maintenance-type and action labels were assigned to 14,251 and 13,179 records, respectively. Failure-mode evidence profiles were assigned to 11,662 records; 3,441 records were classified as containing insufficient information, and 1,213 records were excluded as 'Not applicable' by deterministic workflow rules. The resulting fields reveal changes in system and maintenance-type distributions, a broader component-level action vocabulary, and topology-specific candidate evidence profiles. The recorded API expenditure was $368.86, or $0.0226 per processed record, and the total wall-clock duration was 6.83 hours. The provenance-linked outputs constitute candidate semantic evidence for subsequent multi-source event reconstruction, exposure-based reliability analysis, and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA).

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