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Joint Audio/Text Training for Transformer Rescorer of Streaming Speech Recognition

2022-10-31 · Suyoun Kim, Ke Li, Lucas Kabela, Rongqing Huang, Jiedan Zhu, Ozlem Kalinli, Duc Le

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in two-pass streaming end-to-end speech recognition (ASR) that incorporates a 2nd-pass rescoring model on top of the conventional 1st-pass streaming ASR model to improve recognition accuracy while keeping latency low. One of the latest 2nd-pass rescoring model, Transformer Rescorer, takes the n-best initial outputs and audio embeddings from the 1st-pass model, and then choose the best output by re-scoring the n-best initial outputs. However, training this Transformer Rescorer requires expensive paired audio-text training data because the model uses audio embeddings as input. In this work, we present our Joint Audio/Text training method for Transformer Rescorer, to leverage unpaired text-only data which is relatively cheaper than paired audio-text data. We evaluate Transformer Rescorer with our Joint Audio/Text training on Librispeech dataset as well as our large-scale in-house dataset and show that our training method can improve word error rate (WER) significantly compared to standard Transformer Rescorer without requiring any extra model parameters or latency.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2211.00174

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Tasks

speech-recognitionSpeech Recognition

Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론

Multi-Head Attention 설명 없음
Attention 설명 없음
Linear Layer A Linear Layer is a projection $\mathbf{XW + b}$.
Softmax The Softmax output function transforms a previous layer's output into a vector of probabilities. It is commonly used for multiclass classification. Given an input vector $x$…
Adam 설명 없음
Position-Wise Feed-Forward Layer 설명 없음
Dense Connections Dense Connections, or Fully Connected Connections, are a type of layer in a deep neural network that use a linear operation where every input is connected to every output…
Label Smoothing Label Smoothing is a regularization technique that introduces noise for the labels. This accounts for the fact that datasets may have mistakes in them, so maximizing the…

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