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Measuring and Modifying the Readability of English Texts with GPT-4

2024-10-17 · Sean Trott, Pamela D. Rivière

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in other domains has raised the question of whether LLMs can reliably assess and manipulate the readability of text. We approach this question empirically. First, using a published corpus of 4,724 English text excerpts, we find that readability estimates produced `zero-shot'' from GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o mini exhibit relatively high correlation with human judgments (r = 0.76 and r = 0.74, respectively), out-performing estimates derived from traditional readability formulas and various psycholinguistic indices. Then, in a pre-registered human experiment (N = 59), we ask whether Turbo can reliably make text easier or harder to read. We find evidence to support this hypothesis, though considerable variance in human judgments remains unexplained. We conclude by discussing the limitations of this approach, including limited scope, as well as the validity of the `readability'' construct and its dependence on context, audience, and goal.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2410.14028

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seantrott/llm_readability 공식 구현

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Linear Layer A Linear Layer is a projection $\mathbf{XW + b}$.
Layer Normalization Unlike batch normalization, Layer Normalization directly estimates the normalization statistics from the summed inputs…
Residual Connection 설명 없음
Position-Wise Feed-Forward Layer 설명 없음
Attention 설명 없음
Dense Connections Dense Connections, or Fully Connected Connections, are a type of layer in a deep neural network that use a linear operation where every input is connected to every output…
Softmax The Softmax output function transforms a previous layer's output into a vector of probabilities. It is commonly used for multiclass classification. Given an input vector $x$…
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