Horizontal and Vertical Differentiation: Approaching Endogenous Measurement in Intra-industry Trade
Studying intra-industry trade involves theoretical explanations and empirical methods to measure the phenomenon. Indicators have been developed to measure the intensity of intra-industry trade, leading to theoretical models explaining its determinants. It is essential to distinguish between horizontal and vertical differentiation in empirical analyses. The determinants and consequences of intra-industry trade depend on whether the traded products differ in quality. A method for distinguishing between vertical and horizontal differentiation involves comparing exports' unit value to imports for each industry's intra-industry trade. This approach has limitations, leading to the need for an alternative method.
Code (0)
등록된 구현이 없습니다.
Similar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
Evaluation of onboard sensors for track geometry monitoring against conventional track recording measurements
The main objective of this paper is to assess the estimation of track condition parameters using onboard micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) accelerometers. A prototype of an onboard data acquisition system was design…
Coupling Oceanic Observation Systems to Study Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics
Understanding local currents in the North Atlantic region of the ocean is a key part of modelling heat transfer and global climate patterns. Satellites provide a surface signature of the temperature of the ocean with a h…
Time SeriesTime Series AnalysisUpstream competition and exclusive content provision in media markets
With a multilateral vertical contracting model of media markets, we examine upstream competition and contractual arrangements in content provision. We analyze the trade of content by the Nash bargaining solution and the …
Learning vertical coordinates via automatic differentiation of a dynamical core
Terrain-following coordinates in atmospheric models often imprint their grid structure onto the solution, particularly over steep topography, where distorted coordinate layers can generate spurious horizontal and vertica…
Horizontal-to-Vertical Video Conversion
Alongside the prevalence of mobile videos, the general public leans towards consuming vertical videos on hand-held devices. To revitalize the exposure of horizontal contents, we hereby set forth the exploration of automa…
Boundary DetectionMulti-Object TrackingObject Tracking