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Toward Scalable Co-located Practical Learning: Assisting with Computer Vision and Multimodal Analytics

Co-located practical learning leaves evidence in visible actions around patients, task resources and room zones, but these traces are often recovered through live observation or retrospective video review. Fixed wide-angle video could reduce sensing burden, yet a debriefing pipeline must do more than detect behaviours: it must maintain detection after small camera-position shifts, relate the detector-derived behaviour trace to instructor-labelled outcomes and preserve room-zone context. This study evaluates a fixed-camera pipeline in repeated nursing simulation. Using a harmonised six-code taxonomy, we tested YOLO26 target-only training and two-stage source-to-target adaptation across two same-room side-view data sources. We then converted detections from 51 instructor-labelled sessions into one-second behaviour and behaviour-zone traces for rate, ordered-network, transition-network and sequence analyses. Two-stage adaptation improved mean mAP50 from 0.815 to 0.848 for the 2021 target view and from 0.690 to 0.855 for the smaller 2022 target view; with a balanced target quota of \(N = 22\), the 2022 model reached 0.850 mAP50. In the detector-derived behaviour trace analyses, higher phone use characterised low task-performance sessions. Zone labels changed the interpretation of patient interaction: primary patient-care-zone interaction was stronger in higher-performance sessions, while secondary-zone interaction was stronger in lower-performance sessions. Ordered and transition network models showed that ordered room-zone relations contributed beyond behaviour frequency, with the strongest task-performance classifier using zoned and co-presence features. The resulting trace is most appropriate for searchable simulation debriefing, where instructors inspect detected moments rather than receive automated assessment scores.

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