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How Small Can You Go? LoRA Fine-Tuning 270M-8B Models for Merchant Information Extraction in Financial Transactions

Merchant information extraction turns noisy financial transaction descriptors into structured fields at production scale. Our deployed LoRA-fine-tuned LLaMA~3.1-8B reaches 96.95\% F1, but its memory and throughput motivate smaller replacements. We evaluate 23 retained fine-tuning runs plus a separately trained production reference, spanning Gemma~3 (270M--4B), Qwen~3.5 (0.8B--4B), Aya~3.35B, and LLaMA~3.1-8B across LoRA ranks, prompts, training templates, and serving environments. A rank-8 LLaMA fine-tune reaches 96.75\% F1, only 0.20 points below the rank-32 production reference. Qwen~3.5~4B with JSON-Only prompting reaches 96.60\% F1 and strict record-level exact match of 91.67\%, with a $3.8\times$ lower inverse-throughput time estimate than the rank-8 8B model. Qwen~3.5~0.8B reaches 94.75\% F1, and Qwen Think and Nothink templates differ by less than 0.004 F1. Across 14 Databricks endpoints, mean F1 change from local evaluation is $-0.0081$; Aya is the only family with a 2.7--5.1 point decline. These results show that compact fine-tuned models can preserve most extraction accuracy, but model selection must account for prompt choice, throughput, and serving-stack behavior.

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