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Pinet: Optimizing hard-constrained neural networks with orthogonal projection layers

2025-08-14 · Panagiotis D. Grontas, Antonio Terpin, Efe C. Balta, Raffaello D'Andrea, John Lygeros arxiv

We introduce an output layer for neural networks that ensures satisfaction of convex constraints. Our approach, $Π$net, leverages operator splitting for rapid and reliable projections in the forward pass, and the implicit function theorem for backpropagation. We deploy $Π$net as a feasible-by-design optimization proxy for parametric constrained optimization problems and obtain modest-accuracy solutions faster than traditional solvers when solving a single problem, and significantly faster for a batch of problems. We surpass state-of-the-art learning approaches by orders of magnitude in terms of training time, solution quality, and robustness to hyperparameter tuning, while maintaining similar inference times. Finally, we tackle multi-vehicle motion planning with non-convex trajectory preferences and provide $Π$net as a GPU-ready package implemented in JAX.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2508.10480

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Motion Planning

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