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SSeg: Active Sparse Point-Label Augmentation for Semantic Segmentation

Semantic segmentation is essential for automating remote sensing analysis in fields like ecology. However, fine-grained analysis of complex aerial or underwater imagery remains an open challenge, even for state-of-the-art models. Progress is frequently hindered by the high cost of obtaining the dense, expert-annotated labels required for model supervision. While sparse point-labels are easier to obtain, they introduce challenges regarding which points to annotate and how to propagate the sparse information. We present SSeg, a novel framework that addresses both issues. SSeg first employs an active sampling strategy to guide annotators, maximizing the value of their point labels. Then, it propagates these sparse labels with a hybrid approach leveraging both the best of SAM2 and superpixel-based methods. Experiments on two diverse monitoring datasets demonstrate SSeg's benefits over state-of-the-art approaches. Our main contribution is a simple but effective interactive annotation tool integrating our algorithms. It enables ecology researchers to leverage foundation models and computer vision to efficiently generate high-quality segmentation masks to process their data.

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