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Toward a Foundation Plug-and-Play Prior for Computed Tomography Reconstruction via a Multimodal Diffusion Model

Computed tomography (CT) throughput is limited by scan time, which grows with both the number of projections acquired and the detector integration time for each. Reconstructing high-quality volumes from sparse-view or low-dose measurements therefore depends on an informative prior, typically a neural network trained for one specific scan setting and retrained whenever the modality, geometry, or material changes. We investigate whether a single diffusion model trained across several imaging domains can instead serve as a prior for many CT problems simultaneously. We evaluate the proposed method using the same frozen model on three datasets that differ in modality, beam geometry, material, and degradation type, spanning flaw analysis in additively manufactured metal parts imaged with cone-beam X-ray CT and concrete microstructure imaged with parallel-beam neutron CT. Our proposed method out-performs analytic reconstructions in all three cases, providing a step toward a reusable foundation prior for heterogeneous CT reconstruction problems.

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