Towards Universal Dependencies for Learner Chinese

Developing Universal Dependencies for Mandarin Chinese

This article proposes a Universal Dependency Annotation Scheme for Mandarin Chinese, including POS tags and dependency analysis. We identify cases of idiosyncrasy of Mandarin Chinese that are difficult to fit into the cu…

Converting the Sinica Treebank of Mandarin Chinese to Universal Dependencies

This paper describes the conversion of the Sinica Treebank, one of the major Mandarin Chinese treebanks, to Universal Dependencies. The conversion is rule-based and the process involves POS tag mapping, head adjusting in…

Character-level Annotation for Chinese Surface-Syntactic Universal Dependencies

L1-L2 Parallel Dependency Treebank as Learner Corpus

This opinion paper proposes the use of parallel treebank as learner corpus. We show how an L1-L2 parallel treebank {---} i.e., parse trees of non-native sentences, aligned to the parse trees of their target hypotheses {-…

Universal Dependencies for Learner English

We introduce the Treebank of Learner English (TLE), the first publicly available syntactic treebank for English as a Second Language (ESL). The TLE provides manually annotated POS tags and Universal Dependency (UD) trees…