paper-with-me

홈 › Papers

UNKs Everywhere: Adapting Multilingual Language Models to New Scripts

2020-12-31 · EMNLP 2021 11 · Jonas Pfeiffer, Ivan Vulić, Iryna Gurevych, Sebastian Ruder

Massively multilingual language models such as multilingual BERT offer state-of-the-art cross-lingual transfer performance on a range of NLP tasks. However, due to limited capacity and large differences in pretraining data sizes, there is a profound performance gap between resource-rich and resource-poor target languages. The ultimate challenge is dealing with under-resourced languages not covered at all by the models and written in scripts unseen during pretraining. In this work, we propose a series of novel data-efficient methods that enable quick and effective adaptation of pretrained multilingual models to such low-resource languages and unseen scripts. Relying on matrix factorization, our methods capitalize on the existing latent knowledge about multiple languages already available in the pretrained model's embedding matrix. Furthermore, we show that learning of the new dedicated embedding matrix in the target language can be improved by leveraging a small number of vocabulary items (i.e., the so-called lexically overlapping tokens) shared between mBERT's and target language vocabulary. Our adaptation techniques offer substantial performance gains for languages with unseen scripts. We also demonstrate that they can yield improvements for low-resource languages written in scripts covered by the pretrained model.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2012.15562

Code (2)

adapter-hub/unks_everywhere 공식 구현
aaronsom/wmt21-qe-tudarmstadt pytorch

Tasks

Cross-Lingual Transfer

Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론

Linear Layer A Linear Layer is a projection $\mathbf{XW + b}$.
Dropout Dropout is a regularization technique for neural networks that drops a unit (along with connections) at training time with a specified probability $p$ (a common value is…
Softmax The Softmax output function transforms a previous layer's output into a vector of probabilities. It is commonly used for multiclass classification. Given an input vector $x$…
Linear Warmup With Linear Decay Linear Warmup With Linear Decay is a learning rate schedule in which we increase the learning rate linearly for $n$ updates and then linearly decay afterwards.
Dense Connections Dense Connections, or Fully Connected Connections, are a type of layer in a deep neural network that use a linear operation where every input is connected to every output…
Attention Dropout Attention Dropout is a type of dropout used in attention-based architectures, where elements are randomly dropped out of the…
Attention 설명 없음
Layer Normalization Unlike batch normalization, Layer Normalization directly estimates the normalization statistics from the summed inputs…

Similar Papers 제목 키워드 기반

Adapting Pre-trained Language Models to African Languages via Multilingual Adaptive Fine-Tuning

2022-04-13 · COLING 2022 10 · Jesujoba O. Alabi, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Marius Mosbach, Dietrich Klakow

Multilingual pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on several downstream tasks for both high-resourced and low-resourced languages. However, there is still a large performance drop f…

Cross-Lingual TransferLanguage ModellingNERparameter-efficient fine-tuning+6

It's All About In-Context Learning! Teaching Extremely Low-Resource Languages to LLMs

2025-08-26 · Yue Li, Zhixue Zhao, Carolina Scarton arxiv

Extremely low-resource languages, especially those written in rare scripts, as shown in Figure 1, remain largely unsupported by large language models (LLMs). This is due in part to compounding factors such as the lack of…

parameter-efficient fine-tuning

Seeing the Unseen: Visual Similarity for Pixel Language Model Adaptation

2026-08-31 · Ran Zhang, Miryam de Lhoneux, Wessel Poelman arxiv

Pixel-based language models (LMs) replace traditional tokenizers by processing rendered images of text, making cross-lingual transfer heavily dependent on the visual and structural properties of writing systems. However,…

Cross-Lingual Transfer

Bridging the Language Gap: Dynamic Learning Strategies for Improving Multilingual Performance in LLMs

2023-05-28 · Somnath Kumar, Vaibhav Balloli, Mercy Ranjit, Kabir Ahuja 외

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains but still struggle with non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages. This paper addresses the critical challenge of improving multilingual performance wit…

Question AnsweringRAGRetrievalRetrieval-augmented Generation

Romanization-based Large-scale Adaptation of Multilingual Language Models

2023-04-18 · Sukannya Purkayastha, Sebastian Ruder, Jonas Pfeiffer, Iryna Gurevych 외

Large multilingual pretrained language models (mPLMs) have become the de facto state of the art for cross-lingual transfer in NLP. However, their large-scale deployment to many languages, besides pretraining data scarcit…

Cross-Lingual TransferTransliteration